Rising state pension age is not a penalty on the young – it’s an opportunity to embrace a new type of retirement

by Dr. Ros Altmann

(All material on this page is subject to copyright and must not be reproduced without the author’s permission.)

---

Retirement needs to change – it’s not an aspiration to live on a state pension for over 30 years!

There is much angst this morning about the Chancellor’s suggestion of increasing state pension ages for younger generations. Quite frankly, the concerns seem based on out of date ideas about the nature of state pensions and retirement. Ever-increasing numbers of years in retirement living on ever-decreasing state pensions is not an appealing prospect.

Rising state pension age should not be considered a penalty on the young. It is an opportunity to embrace the benefits of all the advances in medical and work practices which are enabling most of us to have a longer, fitter working life.

Later retirement is a realistic response to the great news that people are living longer, healthier lives and that retirement is not all it is cracked up to be. Romantic notions of retirement being a wonderful period of long holidays, lazy days and playing golf are simply not realistic. With just a state pension and a small amount of private savings, retirement is often a question of struggling to make ends meet.

State pension age rises should have been introduced much earlier than now, but we have been through a period of unrealistic expectations which even led people to believe that ‘early retirement’ was something to aspire to. This is totally unsustainable.

The state pension age was set at 65 in the 1940s. At that time, average life expectancy for men was around age 67 and most people left school at age 15 or 16. By the time they reached age 65, they had worked for around 50 years and their health was severely impaired. Since then, society has changed. The majority of people start work later – at age 18 or 21. People now live well with health issues they used to be disabled by, or even die of. That offers much better opportunities to embrace the new working life realities.

The diagram below shows the changes over time in the proportion of people’s lives spent working and not working. In the 1950s, people would have spent about one third of their life not working and two-thirds working. Over the years, that has changed as people stay in education longer and live longer in retirement, so that closer to half their life is spent not working. As life expectancy grows and more young people start working later, if people do not work longer, the proportion of their life spent working will continue to fall. This is a waste of resources.

We need to rethink retirement altogether. Most people could benefit from a period of part-time work in later life, as retirement becomes more a process, rather than a one-off event. Suddenly stopping work altogether is not healthy, whereas working longer part-time offers the chance for a much better work-life balance and more money to spend in our later years. This is a whole new phase of life that is a direct benefit from all the advances that have been made in medicine and work.

The state pension age is not necessarily the same thing as a ‘retirement age’. The state pension itself is not going to be sufficient for a decent lifestyle. It will pay around £7,000 a year – hardly enough to live on comfortably. This means people will need to supplement the state pension with other income. That could be from private pensions, other savings or continuing at work part-time. A rising state pension age is merely a signal that people are considered to have reached an age where the state may need to support them because they can no longer work productively. That is not something to aspire to though. Most people will want to have more income and a period of part time work, after full time work, can offer a much better lifestyle than stopping work altogether and trying to live for many more years on state and private pensions.

By working longer, people will have more years over which they can earn money and save more, as well as being productive in the economy. Already over a million people are working beyond age 65. This is good news. It offers people a much better later life lifestyle, with more money coming in and, if working part-time, more leisure time too. Those who have retired early often miss work, not just because of the money but also they miss the social interaction and feelings of respect and usefulness.

Of course, some people will be unable to work longer, either because they are not well, or because the nature of the work they do is too physically demanding at later ages. This does not mean that the state pension age must stay static. It suggests that we need to find ways of helping people retrain in later life, to be able to work without as much physical strain.

ENDS

 

NOTES FOR EDITORS

Changes to state pension age are already underway and plans to increase state pension age in line with rising life expectancy are already in train. The current Pensions Bill is providing for a regular and structured method to be introduced that will decide on future state pension age changes. The Government Actuary’s Department will analyse life expectancy developments and an independently-led body will be established after 2015 to identify wider factors that should be taken into account, including variations in life expectancy. The overall aim is that people should on average receive a state pension for around one third of their adult life.

Anyone born in 1953 or 1954 will now be aged 58, 59 or 60 and needs to check their state pension age very carefully. The best way to do this is to go onto the Government website and use the DWPs state pension age calculator. It can be found at https://www.gov.uk/calculate-state-pension. Enter your date of birth, and it will then give you your actual state pension date.

What’s happening to state pension ages?

Anyone who is now aged between 53 and 57 will have a state pension age of 66.

Anyone who is age 52 now, will reach state pension age at either 66 or 67.

The following table summarises the situation as it stands today, but this is likely to change for people who are in their 40s or below

Those aged between 41 and 51 will reach state pension age at 67, those aged between 31 and 41 may have a state pension age of 68 but that is not yet decided. The Government’s Pensions Bill says future changes to state pension age should be linked to rising life expectancy and a commission will be established to advise on how fast pension age should rise in future, after 2026. Therefore, it will be important for people to keep track of what is happening to pension ages when making long-term plans for later life finances.

Age now	Women’s state pension age	Men’s state pension age
60	62 or 63	65
59	63, 64 or 65	65
58	65 or 66	65 or 66
53 – 57	66	66
52	66 or 67	66 or 67
51	67	67
33 – 50	67	67
32	67 or 68	67 or 68
31 or younger	68 (will change to 69 or 70?)	68 (will change to 69 or 70?)